A malfunctioning electric water heater can disrupt your household routine in a heartbeat, leaving you without hot water for showers, dishes, and laundry. The inconvenience is undeniable, but thankfully, replacing a water heater is a manageable DIY project for many homeowners with basic plumbing skills. While it requires some effort and attention to detail, the satisfaction of completing this task yourself, and the potential cost savings, are significant. A new, energy-efficient water heater can also lower your utility bills over time, providing long-term benefits beyond the initial installation.
This guide will equip you with the knowledge and confidence to tackle this home improvement project. From safely turning off the power and water supply to properly connecting the new unit and testing its functionality, we'll walk you through each step of the replacement process. Let's dive into the detailed, step-by-step instructions that will have hot water flowing back into your home in no time.
Preparation and Safety Guidelines
Tools Needed
- Pressure gauge
- Pressure reducing valve (if needed)
- Inline pressure gauge
- Thermal expansion tank
- Push fit fittings (or soldering equipment)
- Removal tool (if using push fit fittings)
- Garden hose
- Buckets or drain
- Voltage detector
- Tape
- Wire connectors
- Plumber's tape
- Dielectric fittings (if needed)
- Seismic straps (if required)
- Hand air pump
Safety Guidelines
- Always turn off the power to the water heater at the breaker box before starting any work. Failure to do so could result in serious electric shock.
- Open the pressure relief valve slowly to release pressure before draining the tank. This prevents scalding and potential damage to the system.
- Wear appropriate safety gear, including gloves and eye protection, throughout the entire process to protect yourself from potential hazards like sharp edges and hot water.
Step-by-Step Instructions
Prepare for Replacement
- Check water pressure and adjust if necessary (50-60 PSI is ideal).
- Install a thermal expansion tank (using push-fit fittings or soldering).
Prepare for Replacement Disconnect Old Water Heater
- Turn off electricity at the circuit breaker and verify with a voltage detector.
- Open a hot water faucet and let it run until cool, then shut off the cold water supply.
- Connect a garden hose to the drain valve and empty the old tank.
- Remove the discharge pipe from the T&P relief valve and disconnect water supply pipes.
Disconnect Old Water Heater - Remove the old water heater.
Disconnect Old Water Heater Install New Water Heater
- Install the new tank in a drain pan, routing to a drain if possible.
- Install the discharge pipe on the T&P relief valve, directing water to a drain or bucket.
- Connect water supply pipes using a flexible hose kit and plumber's tape, including dielectric fittings if needed.
- Install seismic straps if required by code.
Install New Water Heater Connect and Test
- Remove the aerator from the nearest faucet and open the hot side. Turn on the cold water supply and check for leaks.
- Fill the tank completely, letting it run for about 3 minutes to remove air.
- Connect the wiring, using the previous connections as a guide.
- Turn on the power and check the discharge pipe for dripping (indicating high pressure).
Connect and Test - After a few hours, check for leaks and remove any loose sediment.
Connect and Test
Read more: Installing an Outdoor GFCI Receptacle: A Step-by-Step Guide
Tips
- Use a pressure gauge to check your home's water pressure before starting; 50-60 PSI is ideal.
- Install a pressure reducing valve if your water pressure is above 80 PSI.
- Use push-fit fittings for easy installation of the expansion tank, avoiding soldering if possible.
- Use plumber's tape on all threaded connections to prevent leaks.
- Use dielectric fittings to prevent corrosion between dissimilar metals.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
1. Ignoring the Electrical Disconnect
Reason: Failing to properly disconnect the power to the water heater before working on it can lead to severe electric shock.
Solution: Always turn off the power at the breaker box and double-check with a non-contact voltage tester before beginning any work.
2. Improper Plumbing Connections
Reason: Loose or incorrectly tightened connections can result in leaks, water damage, and potential flooding.
Solution: Use appropriate pipe sealant and tighten all connections firmly, but avoid over-tightening to prevent damage.
3. Neglecting Pressure Relief Valve Testing
Reason: A malfunctioning pressure relief valve can lead to dangerous pressure buildup and potential tank rupture.
Solution: After installation, test the pressure relief valve by lifting the lever; it should release water freely.
FAQs
Do I need to hire a professional to replace my electric water heater?
While you can replace an electric water heater yourself if you're comfortable with basic plumbing and electrical work, hiring a professional is always an option. Professionals have the experience and knowledge to ensure the job is done safely and correctly, minimizing the risk of leaks or electrical hazards. Consider your skill level and comfort level before deciding.
What size water heater should I buy?
The correct size depends on your household size and hot water usage. Look at the capacity of your old water heater (usually expressed in gallons) as a starting point. Consider increasing the size if your family has grown or your hot water needs have increased significantly. Consult a plumbing professional or use online calculators to help determine the appropriate size for your needs.